Pingen einer Tele2 IP
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Re(8): Pingen einer Tele2 IP
21.04.2009, 00:56:14
http://www.postfix.org/faq.html

da stand dann auch die lösung:

IP path MTU discovery
A little background is in order. With the SMTP protocol, the HELO, MAIL FROM and RCPT TO commands and responses are relatively short. When you're talking to old versions of sendmail, every command and every response is sent as a separate packet, because sendmail didn't implement ESMTP command pipelining until recently.

The message content, however, is sent as a few datagrams, each datagram typically a kbyte large or even bigger, depending on your local network MTU.

When mail fails consistently due to a timeout, I suspect that the sending machine runs a modern UNIX which implements path MTU discovery. That causes the machine to send packets as large as it would send over the LAN, with the IP DON'T FRAGMENT bit set, preventing intermediate routers from fragmenting the packets that are too big for their networks.

Depending on what network path a message follows, some router on the way responds with an ICMP MUST FRAGMENT message saying the packet is too big. Normally, the sending machine will re-send the data after chopping it up into smaller pieces.

However, things break when some router closer to the sending system is dropping such ICMP feedback messages, in a mistaken attempt to protect systems against certain attacks. In that case, the ICMP feedback message never reaches the sending machine, and the connection times out.

This is the same configuration problem that causes trouble with web servers behind a misconfigured packet filter: small images/files are sent intact, large images/files time out because the server does not see the MUST FRAGMENT ICMP feedback messages.

Workaround: at the sending machine, disable path MTU discovery. Mail will get out, but of course everyone else will still suffer. How to disable path MTU discovery? It depends. Solaris has an ndd command; other systems use different means such as sysctl to control kernel parameters on a running system.

Workaround: at the receiving machine, set a smaller MTU. For example, people using PPPoE (PPP over Ethernet) often have to choose an MTU lightly smaller than the default 1500 for ethernet.

Fix: find the router that drops the ICMP MUST FRAGMENT messages, and convince the person responsible for it to fix the configuration.


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